Crazy husband - please help!

Does a permanent separation require the consent of both parties, or can one object?
If so, what are the ramifications?
Is there any other way besides any form of separation to protect myself from financial liabilities across the board?
If a couple successfully goes through a dissolution and finds out after the fact that there was unknown and consequently unadressed property at stake, is there any recourse?
If a person is named as an alternate beneficiary in a family will (for example: Susie Q, wife of Jack A...) does the divorce action void this inheritance? Or does it go to the NEW "wife".

No, a separation does not require the consent of both parties. Either is free to separate should they choose to do so. The law does not force people to remain married and no matter how much one party may contest or protest it, it will not change the outcome. Separation and divorce.

There isn't enough information to answer your 2nd question.

To the issue of property after a divorce is granted. No. There is no recourse. Once it's settled, it's settled. Either party is free to pursue any action, however, if they have the money to spend on a good attorney.

No, divorce doesn't void a Will, but a smart spouse will update his/her Will as soon as the ink is dry on the divorce papers. Unless that person does that, the Will is still valid and the ex is entitled to whatever has been left him/her. It does not "go to" the new spouse by default.